Ikusasa Lemboni Yamathuluzi Omshini

Inhlanganisela yesidingo noshintsho lobuchwepheshe
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela emikhulu evela kubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, imiphumela eminingana yangaphandle neyangaphakathi iholela ekwehleni kwesidingo emakethe yamathuluzi emishini.Ukuguqulwa kwemboni yezimoto kusuka ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kuya kuma-drivetrain kagesi kumelela inselelo enkulu embonini yamathuluzi emishini.Nakuba injini evuthayo yangaphakathi idinga izingxenye eziningi zensimbi ezinembe kakhulu, okufanayo akulona iqiniso kuma-drivetrain kagesi, anezingxenye ezimbalwa zamathuluzi.Ngaphandle komthelela walolu bhubhane, lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi ama-oda wokusika izinsimbi nokwenza imishini ehle kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ezedlule.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke ukungaqiniseki kwezomnotho, imboni isesimweni sokuphazamiseka okukhulu.Akukaze nanini ngaphambili abakhi bamathuluzi emishini bahlangabezane noshintsho olukhulu kangaka embonini yabo njengalolo oluqhutshwa yidijithali nobuchwepheshe obusha.Umkhuba obheke ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu ekukhiqizeni ushayela emisha yomkhiqizo efana nokwenza izinto eziningi kanye nokukhiqiza okungeziwe njengezinye izindlela ezifanele kumathuluzi omshini wendabuko.
Ukuqamba okusha kwedijithali nokuxhumana okujulile kumelela izici ezibalulekile.Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa, ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezici zokulingisa eziyinkimbinkimbi kunika amandla intuthuko ekusebenzeni komshini nokusebenza kahle kukonke kwemishini (OEE).Izinzwa ezintsha nezindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana, ukulawula, nokuqapha kunika amathuba amasha ezinsizakalo ezihlakaniphile namamodeli ebhizinisi amasha emakethe yamathuluzi emishini.Izinsizakalo ezithuthukiswe ngedijithali sezizoba yingxenye yephothifoliyo ye-OEM ngayinye.Isiphakamiso sokuthengisa esiyingqayizivele (i-USP) sishintshela kunani elingeziwe ledijithali.Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lungase lusheshise lo mkhuba.

Izinselelo Zamanje Zabakhi Bamathuluzi Omshini
Izimboni zezimpahla ezinkulu ziyazwela ekwehleni komnotho okujwayelekile.Njengoba amathuluzi omshini esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ezinye izimpahla ezinkulu, lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi embonini yamathuluzi omshini, okuyenza ibe sengozini yokuguquguquka kwezomnotho.Ukuwohloka komnotho kwakamuva okubangelwe wubhubhane neminye imiphumela engemihle kuthiwe yinselelo enkulu iningi labakhi bamathuluzi omshini ababhekene nayo.
Ngo-2019, ukukhula kokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho ngenxa yezehlakalo zezwe njengempi yezohwebo yase-US China kanye ne-Brexit kwaholela ekwehleni komnotho womhlaba.Imisebenzi yokungenisa impahla engavuthiwe, izingxenye zensimbi, nemishini ithinte imboni yamathuluzi omshini kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamathuluzi omshini.Ngaso leso sikhathi, inani elikhulayo labancintisana nabo esigabeni sekhwalithi ephansi, ikakhulukazi abavela eChina, labekela imakethe inselelo.
Ngasohlangothini lwamakhasimende, ukuguquguquka kwepharadigm embonini yezimoto kuya ezinqolobaneni zikagesi kubangele inkinga yesakhiwo.Ukwehla okuhambisanayo kwesidingo sezimoto ezinikwa amandla izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kuholela ekwehleni kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obuningi bokukhiqiza ku-automotive drivetrain.Abakhiqizi bezimoto bayanqikaza ukutshala izimpahla ezintsha zokukhiqiza ngenxa yekusasa elingaqinisekile lezinjini ezivamile, kuyilapho ukunqwabelana kwemigqa emisha yokukhiqiza yezimoto ze-e-zimoto kusesezigabeni zokuqala.Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu abakhi bamathuluzi omshini abagxile kumathuluzi omshini wokusika akhethekile embonini yezimoto.
Kodwa-ke, mancane amathuba okuthi ukuncipha kwesidingo samathuluzi omshini kungashintshwa ngokuphelele imigqa emisha yokukhiqiza njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ze-e kudinga izingxenye zensimbi ezinembayo ezimbalwa.Kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwe-drivetrain okudlula amandla okuvutha kanye nezinjini ezisebenza ngamabhethri kuzodinga ubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza eminyakeni ezayo.

Imiphumela ye-COVID-19 Crisis
Umthelela omkhulu we-COVID-19 uzwakala embonini yamathuluzi emishini nakwezinye izimboni eziningi.Ukuwohloka komnotho okujwayelekile ngenxa yobhubhane lomhlaba wonke kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwesidingo ezingxenyeni ezimbili zokuqala zika-2020. Ukuvalwa kwefekthri, ukuphazamiseka kwamaketanga okuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukuntuleka kwezingxenye zokuthola usizo, izinselelo zezokuthutha, nezinye izinkinga zenze isimo saba sibi.
Phakathi kwemiphumela yangaphakathi, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinkampani ezahlolwa zibike ukuncishiswa kwezindleko okuvamile ngenxa yesimo samanje.Kuye ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile ekukhiqizeni, lokhu kubangele isikhathi eside somsebenzi wesikhashana noma ngisho nokudilizwa.
Izinkampani ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 sezizocabanga kabusha isu lazo mayelana nezimo ezintsha zemakethe yazo.Engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yezinkampani, lokhu kubangela izinguquko zenhlangano kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlela kabusha.Nakuba ama-SME ejwayele ukuphendula ngezinguquko ezinqala ebhizinisini lawo asebenzayo, izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zilungisa ukwakheka kwazo ezikhona kanye nenhlangano ukuze zihambisane kangcono nesimo esisha.
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside embonini yamathuluzi emishini kunzima ukuyibikezela, kodwa izimfuneko ezishintshayo zechungechunge lokunikezela kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinsizakalo zedijithali kungenzeka kube unomphela.Njengoba izinsiza zisadingeka ukuze kugcinwe imishini efakiwe ikhiqiza, ama-OEM nabahlinzeki bandisa iphothifoliyo yabo yesevisi egxile ekusungulweni kwesevisi okuthuthukisiwe okufana namasevisi akude.Izimo ezintsha kanye nokuqhelelana komphakathi kuholela esidingweni esikhulayo sezinsizakalo ezithuthukile zedijithali.
Ngasohlangothini lwekhasimende, izinguquko ezihlala njalo zibonakala ngokucacile.Imboni ye-aerospace ihlushwa imikhawulo yokuhamba emhlabeni wonke.I-Airbus ne-Boeing bamemezele izinhlelo zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwabo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.Okufanayo kusebenza embonini yokwakha imikhumbi, lapho isidingo semikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi sehle safinyelela ku-zero.Lokhu kuncishiswa kokukhiqiza kuzoba nomthelela omubi esidingweni samathuluzi omshini eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Amandla Okuthrendayo Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ukushintsha Izidingo Zekhasimende
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu, ukunciphisa isikhathi kumthengi, nokukhiqizwa kwasemadolobheni amathrendi ambalwa adinga ukuguquguquka kwemishini okuthuthukisiwe.Ngaphandle kwezici ezibalulekile njengentengo, ukusebenziseka, ukuphila isikhathi eside, isivinini senqubo, nekhwalithi, ukuguquguquka okukhulu komshini kuba okubaluleke kakhulu njengesinye sezici eziyinhloko zemishini emisha.
Abaphathi bezitshalo nabaphathi bezokukhiqiza abanomthwalo wemfanelo bayakubona ukubaluleka okwandayo kwezici zedijithali ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwezimpahla zabo.Ukuphepha kwedatha, izixhumanisi zokuxhumana ezivulekile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana obusha (ICT) kubalulekile ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlelo zokusebenza zedijithali nezisombululo zezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-serial.Ukushoda kwanamuhla kolwazi lwedijithali nezinsiza zezimali kanye nemikhawulo yesikhathi kuphazamisa ukuqaliswa kwezithuthukisi zedijithali nezinsizakalo ezintsha zabasebenzisi bokugcina.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandelela okungaguquguquki nokugcinwa kwedatha yenqubo kuba kubalulekile futhi kuyisidingo esiyisibopho ezimbonini eziningi zamakhasimende.

I-Outlook Enhle Yemboni Yezimoto
Ngaphandle kokuvunguza okuthile, imboni yezimoto ibukeka igqamile, emhlabeni jikelele.Ngokwemithombo yezimboni, amayunithi okukhiqiza izimoto ezilula emhlabeni wonke abe emangalisa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke nokukhula.I-APAC kulindeleke ukuthi ibhalise amanani okukhula aphezulu kakhulu ngokuya ngamavolumu okukhiqiza alandelwa yiNyakatho Melika.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthengiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhuphuka ngesivinini esirekhodiwe, okudala isidingo samathuluzi omshini nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezihambisana nenqubo yokukhiqiza.Amathuluzi omshini anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini yezimoto njengokugaya i-CNC (amakesi wamabhokisi kagiya, izindlu zokuthutha, amakhanda amasilinda enjini, njll.), ukujika (izigubhu zamabhuleki, ama-rotor, amasondo empukane, njll.) ukubhola, njll. ngokufika kokuthuthukisiwe ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-automation, isidingo somshini sizokhula kuphela ukuze sizuze ukukhiqiza nokunemba.

Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kulindeleke ukuthi alawule imakethe emhlabeni jikelele
Imishini yokulawula izinombolo zekhompiyutha yenza lula izinqubo eziningi zokusebenza ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza nokunciphisa amaphutha abantu.Isidingo esikhulayo sokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo emkhakheni wezimboni siholele ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwemishini ye-CNC.Futhi, ukusungulwa kwezindawo zokukhiqiza e-Asia-Pacific kugqugquzele ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwezinombolo zamakhompyutha emkhakheni.
Imakethe encintisana kakhulu iphoqe abadlali ukuthi bagxile kumasu okukhiqiza asebenza kahle abazama ukuthola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokuhlela kabusha izindawo zabo, okubandakanya imishini ye-CNC.Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D nemishini ye-CNC kuyisengezo esiyingqayizivele kwamanye amayunithi amasha okukhiqiza, okulindeleke ukuthi anikeze amandla angcono wezinto eziningi, ngokumoshwa okuncane kwezinsiza.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, nokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo yamandla, imishini ye-CNC isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuphehleni ugesi, njengoba le nqubo idinga ukuzenzekelayo okubanzi.

I-Competitive Landscape
Imakethe yamathuluzi omshini ihlukaniseke ngokwendalo ngokuba khona kwabadlali abakhulu bomhlaba kanye nabadlali basendaweni abancane nabamaphakathi abanabadlali abambalwa ababamba isabelo semakethe.Izimbangi ezinkulu ezimakethe zamathuluzi emishini yomhlaba wonke zifaka i-China, iJalimane, iJapan, ne-Italy.EJalimane, ngaphandle kwezinkampani ezingaphansi ezingamakhulu ambalwa zokuthengisa nesevisi noma amahhovisi egatsha abakhiqizi bamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane emhlabeni wonke, cishe kunezinkampani zaseJalimane ezingaphansi kwama-20 ezikhiqiza amayunithi aphelele phesheya okwamanje.
Ngokuthandwa okukhulayo kokuzenzakalelayo, izinkampani zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo.Imboni iphinde ibone ukuthambekela kokuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa nokutholwa.Lawa maqhinga asiza izinkampani ukuthi zingene ezindaweni ezimakethe ezintsha futhi zithole amakhasimende amasha.

Ikusasa Lamathuluzi Omshini
Intuthuko ku-hardware ne-software ishintsha imboni yamathuluzi omshini.Amathrendi embonini eminyakeni ezayo kungenzeka agxile kulokhu kuthuthuka, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuphathelene nemishini ezenzakalelayo.
Imboni yamathuluzi omshini kulindeleke ukuthi ibone intuthuko ku:
Ukufakwa kwezici ezihlakaniphile namanethiwekhi
 Imishini ezenzakalelayo nelungele i-IoT
 I-Artificial intelligence (AI)
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware ye-CNC

Ukufakwa Kwezici Ezihlakaniphile Namanethiwekhi
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana yenze kwaba lula kunangaphambili ukuxhuma amadivaysi ahlakaniphile nokwakha amanethiwekhi endawo.
Isibonelo, amadivaysi amaningi namanethiwekhi ekhompyutha onqenqema lwezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi asetshenziswe kusetshenziswa izintambo ze-Ethernet (SPE) zepheya eyodwa eminyakeni ezayo.Ubuchwepheshe sebuneminyaka ikhona, kodwa izinkampani seziqala ukubona inzuzo ezinikezayo ekwakheni amanethiwekhi ahlakaniphile.
Ikwazi ukudlulisa amandla nedatha ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-SPE ifaneleka kahle ekuxhumeni izinzwa ezihlakaniphile namadivayisi anenethiwekhi kumakhompyutha anamandla ashayela amanethiwekhi ezimboni.Uhhafu kasayizi wekhebuli ye-Ethernet evamile, ingangena ezindaweni eziningi, isetshenziselwe ukwengeza ukuxhumana okwengeziwe esikhaleni esifanayo, futhi ifakwe kabusha kumanethiwekhi ekhebula akhona.Lokhu kwenza i-SPE ibe yisinqumo esiphusile sokwakha amanethiwekhi ahlakaniphile endaweni yefekthri nendawo yokugcina impahla okungenzeka ingafaneleki i-WiFi yesizukulwane samanje.
Amanethiwekhi wendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi (LPWAN) avumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe ngaphandle kwentambo kumadivayisi axhunyiwe ngebanga elikhulu kunobuchwepheshe bangaphambilini.Ukuphindaphinda okusha kwama-transmitters e-LPWAN kungathatha unyaka ogcwele ngaphandle kokushintshwa futhi kudlulise idatha kufika ku-3 km.
Ngisho ne-WiFi isiba namandla kakhulu.Amazinga amasha e-WiFi athuthukiswayo okwamanje yi-IEEE azosebenzisa amaza angenantambo angu-2.4 GHz no-5.0 GHz, aqinise amandla futhi afinyelele ngaphezu kwalokho amanethiwekhi amanje akwazi ukukwenza.
Ukufinyelela okuthuthukile nokuguquguquka okuhlinzekwa ubuchwepheshe obusha obunezintambo nobungenawaya kwenza ukuzenzekelayo kwenzeke ngezinga elikhulu kunangaphambili.Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obuthuthukisiwe, amanethiwekhi okuzenzakalela kanye namanethiwekhi ahlakaniphile azovame kakhulu ebhodini lonke maduzane, kusukela ekukhiqizeni i-aerospace kuya kwezolimo.

I-Automated And IoT Ready Machines
Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bedijithali, sizobona ukukhiqizwa kwemishini eyengeziwe eyakhelwe ukuzenzekelayo kanye ne-inthanethi yezimboni yezinto (IIoT).Ngendlela efanayo sibone ukwanda kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe - kusuka kuma-smartphones kuya kuma-smart thermostat - umhlaba wokukhiqiza uzokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe.
Amathuluzi emishini ehlakaniphile namarobhothi cishe azophatha iphesenti elikhulu lomsebenzi kuzilungiselelo zezimboni njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka.Ikakhulukazi kulezo zimo lapho umsebenzi uyingozi kakhulu ukuthi ungawenza, amathuluzi omshini ozenzakalelayo azosetshenziswa kabanzi.
Njengoba amadivayisi amaningi axhumeke ku-inthanethi egcwala phansi efekthri, ukuphepha kwe-cybersecurity kuzoba ukukhathazeka okukhulayo.Ukugebenga kwezezimboni kubangele ukwephulwa okuningana okukhathazayo kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo phakathi neminyaka edlule, okunye kwakho obekungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwempilo.Njengoba izinhlelo ze-IIoT zihlanganiswa kakhulu, i-cybersecurity izokhula ngokubaluleka kuphela.

AI
Ikakhulukazi kuzilungiselelo zezimboni ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI emishinini yohlelo kuzokhula.Njengoba imishini namathuluzi emishini ezenzakalela ngokwezinga elikhulu, izinhlelo zizodinga ukuthi zibhalwe futhi zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuphathwe leyo mishini.Yilapho i-AI ingena khona.
Ngokwengqikithi yamathuluzi omshini, i-AI ingasetshenziswa ukuqapha izinhlelo umshini ozisebenzisayo ukusika izingxenye, uqiniseke ukuthi aziphambuki ekucacisweni.Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-AI ingavala umshini futhi isebenzise ukuxilonga, inciphise umonakalo.
I-AI ingasiza nasekunakekelweni kwamathuluzi omshini ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kulungiswe izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi zenzeke.Isibonelo, kusanda kubhalwa uhlelo olukwazi ukubona ukuguga nokudabuka kwamadrayivu e-ball screw, into obekumele yenziwe mathupha ngaphambilini.Izinhlelo ze-AI ezifana nalezi zingasiza ukugcina isitolo semishini sisebenza kahle kakhulu, sigcine ukukhiqiza kushelela futhi kungaphazamiseki.

Intuthuko Yesoftware ye-CNC
Ukuthuthuka kwesoftware yokukhiqiza okusizwa ngamakhompiyutha (CAM) esetshenziswa kumashini we-CNC ivumela ukunemba okwengeziwe ekukhiqizeni.Isofthiwe ye-CAM manje ivumela ochwepheshe bemishini ukuthi basebenzise i-twinning yedijithali - inqubo yokulingisa into ebonakalayo noma inqubo emhlabeni wedijithali.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ingxenye ethile yenziwe ngokomzimba, ukulingisa kwedijithali kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kungenziwa.Amathuluzi ahlukene nezindlela zingahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi yini engase ikhiqize umphumela ofanele.Lokho kunciphisa izindleko ngokulondoloza impahla kanye namahora omuntu ebengase asetshenziswe ngenye indlela ukuze kucwengwe inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zesofthiwe yomshini njenge-CAD ne-CAM nazo ziyasetshenziswa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abasha, zibabonisa amamodeli e-3D ezingxenye abazenzayo kanye nomshini abasebenzisana nawo ukuze kufanekiswe imiqondo.Le softhiwe futhi isiza isivinini sokucubungula ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esincane sokunensa kanye nempendulo esheshayo kubaqhubi bemishini ngenkathi besebenza.
Amathuluzi omshini we-Multi-axis asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi eza engcupheni enkulu yokushayisana njengoba izingxenye eziningi zisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.I-software ethuthukisiwe inciphisa lobu bungozi, bese inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezinto ezilahlekile.

Imishini Isebenza Ngobuchule
Amathuluzi omshini esikhathi esizayo ahlakaniphile, anenethiwekhi kalula, futhi awajwayele ukwenza iphutha.Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, okuzenzakalelayo kuzoba lula futhi kusebenze kahle ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini aholwa yi-AI nesoftware ethuthukisiwe.Ama-opharetha azokwazi ukulawula imishini yawo esebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompyutha kalula futhi enze izingxenye ezinamaphutha ambalwa.Ukuthuthuka kwenethiwekhi kuzokwenza amafekthri ahlakaniphile kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla kube lula ukuzuza.
I-Industry 4.0 nayo inamandla okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini emisebenzini yokukhiqiza ngokusika isikhathi sokungenzi lutho.Ucwaningo lwemboni lubonise ukuthi amathuluzi omshini ngokuvamile asebenza ngokusika insimbi ngaphansi kuka-40% wesikhathi, okuthi ngezinye izikhathi aye phansi afinyelele ku-25% wesikhathi.Ukuhlaziya idatha ehlobene nezinguquko zamathuluzi, ukuma kwezinhlelo, njll., kusiza izinhlangano zinqume imbangela yesikhathi sokungenzi lutho futhi zibhekane nayo.Lokhu kubangela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwamathuluzi omshini.
Njengoba i-Industry 4.0 iqhubeka nokuthatha umhlaba wonke wokukhiqiza, amathuluzi emishini nawo aba yingxenye yesistimu ehlakaniphile.E-India futhi, umqondo, nakuba usezigabeni ezisafufusa, uya ngokuya uthuthuka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabadlali bamathuluzi omshini abakhulu abasungula izinto ezintsha kule ndlela.Ikakhulukazi, imboni yamathuluzi omshini ibheke Imboni 4.0 ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zamakhasimende zokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, isikhathi esincishisiwe somjikelezo kanye nekhwalithi enkulu.Ngakho-ke, ukwamukela umqondo we-Industrial 4.0 kusemoyeni wokufeza inhloso ehlosiwe yokwenza i-India ibe isizinda somhlaba wonke sokukhiqiza, ukuklama nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokwengeza isabelo sokukhiqiza ku-GDP sisuka ku-17% samanje siye ku-25% ngo-2022.